Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating systemand distribution for personal computers,
smartphones and network servers. It uses Unity
as its default user interface. It is based on free
software and named after the Southern African
philosophy of ubuntu (literally, 'human-ness'),
which Canonical Ltd suggests can be loosely
translated as "humanity to
others" or "I am what I am because of who
we all are".
Development of Ubuntu is led by UK-based
Canonical Ltd,a company owned by South African
entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth. Canonical generates
revenue through the sale of technical support and
other services related to Ubuntu.The Ubuntu
project is publicly committed to the principles
of open-source software development; people
are encouraged to use free software, study how
it works, improve upon it, and distribute it.
A Brief History of Ubuntu
A new version of Ubuntu is released every 6 months like clockwork, and as of
Oct 2015, a grand total of 23 stable releases has been delivered. Each release
also has a specific code name which are made using an adjective and an animal
with the same first letter (e.g. Hardy Heron, Wily Werewolf). We will do a brief
overview of each one of them below. A walk back through the history of Ubuntu.
Read on.
A new version of Ubuntu is released every 6 months like clockwork, and as of
Oct 2015, a grand total of 23 stable releases has been delivered. Each release
also has a specific code name which are made using an adjective and an animal
with the same first letter (e.g. Hardy Heron, Wily Werewolf). We will do a brief
overview of each one of them below. A walk back through the history of Ubuntu.
Read on.
Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog)
- Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog), released on 20 October 2004, was
Canonical's first release of Ubuntu, building upon Debian, with plans for a new
release every six months and eighteen months of support thereafter. Ubuntu
4.10's support ended on 30 April 2006. Ubuntu 4.10 was offered as a free
download and, through Canonical's ShipIt service, was also mailed to users
free of charge in CD format.
Canonical's first release of Ubuntu, building upon Debian, with plans for a new
release every six months and eighteen months of support thereafter. Ubuntu
4.10's support ended on 30 April 2006. Ubuntu 4.10 was offered as a free
download and, through Canonical's ShipIt service, was also mailed to users
free of charge in CD format.
Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog)
- Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog), released on 8 April 2005,was Canonical's
second release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 5.04's support ended on 31 October 2006.
Ubuntu 5.04 added many new features including an update manager,upgrade
notifier, readahead and grepmap, suspend, hibernate and standby support,
dynamic frequency scaling for processors, ubuntu hardware database, Kickstart
installation, and APT authentication. Ubuntu 5.04 allowed installation from USB
devices. Beginning with Ubuntu 5.04, UTF-8 became the default character encoding.
second release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 5.04's support ended on 31 October 2006.
Ubuntu 5.04 added many new features including an update manager,upgrade
notifier, readahead and grepmap, suspend, hibernate and standby support,
dynamic frequency scaling for processors, ubuntu hardware database, Kickstart
installation, and APT authentication. Ubuntu 5.04 allowed installation from USB
devices. Beginning with Ubuntu 5.04, UTF-8 became the default character encoding.
Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)
- Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger), released on 12 October 2005, was Canonical's
third release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 5.10's support ended on 13 April 2007. Ubuntu
5.10 added several new features including a graphical bootloader (Usplash), an
Add/Remove Applications tool, a menu editor (Alacarte), an easy language
selector, logical volume management support, full Hewlett-Packard printer
support, OEM installer support, a new Ubuntu logo in the top-left, and Launchpad
integration for bug reporting and software development.
third release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 5.10's support ended on 13 April 2007. Ubuntu
5.10 added several new features including a graphical bootloader (Usplash), an
Add/Remove Applications tool, a menu editor (Alacarte), an easy language
selector, logical volume management support, full Hewlett-Packard printer
support, OEM installer support, a new Ubuntu logo in the top-left, and Launchpad
integration for bug reporting and software development.
Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake)
- Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake), released on 1 June 2006,was Canonical's
fourth release, and the first long-term support (LTS) release. Ubuntu 6.06
was released behind schedule, having been intended as 6.04. It is sometimes
jokingly described as their first 'Late To Ship' (LTS) release. Development was
not complete in April 2006 and Mark Shuttleworth approved slipping the
release date to June, making it 6.06 instead. Ubuntu 6.06's support ended
on 14 July 2009 for desktops and ended in June 2011 for servers. Ubuntu 6.06
included several new features, including having the Live CD and Install CD
merged onto one disc, a graphical installer on Live CD (Ubiquity), Usplash
on shutdown as well as startup, a network manager for easy switching of
multiple wired and wireless connections, Humanlooks theme implemented
using Tango guidelines, based on Clearlooks and featuring orange colors
instead of brown, and GDebi graphical installer for package files.Ubuntu
6.06 did not include a means to install from a USB device, but did for the first
time allow installation directly onto removable USB devices.
fourth release, and the first long-term support (LTS) release. Ubuntu 6.06
was released behind schedule, having been intended as 6.04. It is sometimes
jokingly described as their first 'Late To Ship' (LTS) release. Development was
not complete in April 2006 and Mark Shuttleworth approved slipping the
release date to June, making it 6.06 instead. Ubuntu 6.06's support ended
on 14 July 2009 for desktops and ended in June 2011 for servers. Ubuntu 6.06
included several new features, including having the Live CD and Install CD
merged onto one disc, a graphical installer on Live CD (Ubiquity), Usplash
on shutdown as well as startup, a network manager for easy switching of
multiple wired and wireless connections, Humanlooks theme implemented
using Tango guidelines, based on Clearlooks and featuring orange colors
instead of brown, and GDebi graphical installer for package files.Ubuntu
6.06 did not include a means to install from a USB device, but did for the first
time allow installation directly onto removable USB devices.
Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft)
- Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft), released on 26 October 2006, was Canonical's
fifth release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 6.10's support ended on 25 April 2008. Ubuntu
6.10 added several new features including a heavily modified Human theme,
Upstart init daemon, automated crash reports (Apport), Tomboy note taking
application, and F-Spot photo manager. EasyUbuntu, a third party program
designed to make Ubuntu easier to use, was included in Ubuntu 6.10 as a
meta-package.
fifth release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 6.10's support ended on 25 April 2008. Ubuntu
6.10 added several new features including a heavily modified Human theme,
Upstart init daemon, automated crash reports (Apport), Tomboy note taking
application, and F-Spot photo manager. EasyUbuntu, a third party program
designed to make Ubuntu easier to use, was included in Ubuntu 6.10 as a
meta-package.
Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn)
sixth release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 7.04's support ended on 19 October 2008.
Ubuntu 7.04 included several new features, among them a migration assistant
to help former Microsoft Windows users transition to Ubuntu, support for
Kernel-based Virtual Machine, assisted codec and restricted drivers installation
including Adobe Flash, Java, MP3 support, easier installation of Nvidia and
ATI drivers, Compiz desktop effects, support for Wi-Fi Protected Access, the
addition of Sudoku and chess, a disk usage analyzer (baobab), GNOME
Control Center, and Zeroconf support for many devices. Ubuntu 7.04 dropped
support for PowerPC architecture.
Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon)
Canonical's seventh release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 7.10's support ended on
18 April 2009. Ubuntu 7.10 included several new features, among
them AppArmor security framework, fast desktop search, a Firefox
plug-in manager (Ubufox), a graphical configuration tool for X.Org,
full NTFS support (read/write) via NTFS-3G, and a revamped printing
system with PDF printing by default. Compiz Fusion was enabled as
default in Ubuntu 7.10 and Fast user switching was added.
Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron)
Canonical's eighth release of Ubuntu and the second Long Term Support
(LTS) release. Ubuntu 8.04's support ended on 12 May 2011 for desktops
and ended in April 2013 for servers. Ubuntu 8.04 included several new features,
among them Tracker desktop search integration, Brasero disk burner,
Transmission BitTorrent client, Vinagre VNC client, system sound through
PulseAudio, and Active Directory authentication and login using Likewise
Open. In addition Ubuntu 8.04 included updates for better Tango compliance,
various Compiz usability improvements, automatic grabbing and releasing of the
mouse cursor when running on a VMware virtual machine, and an easier
method to remove Ubuntu. Ubuntu 8.04 was the first version of Ubuntu to
include the Wubi installer on the Live CD that allows Ubuntu to be installed
as a single file on a Windows hard drive without the need to repartition the disk.
The first version of the Ubuntu Netbook Remix was also introduced.
Support for Ubuntu Hardy Heron was officially ended on 9 May 2013.
Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)
ninth release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 30 April 2010. Ubuntu 8.10
introduced several new features including improvements to mobile computing
and desktop scalability, increased flexibility for Internet connectivity, an Ubuntu
Live USB creator and a guest account, which allowed others to use a computer
allowing very limited user rights (e.g. accessing the Internet, using software
and checking e-mail).The guest account had its own home folder and nothing
done on it was stored permanently on the computer's hard disk. Intrepid
Ibex also included an encrypted private directory for users,the inclusion of
Dynamic Kernel Module Support, a tool that allows kernel drivers to be
automatically rebuilt when new kernels are released and support for creating
USB flash drive images.
Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope)
- Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope), released on 23 April 2009, was
Canonical's tenth release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 23 October 2010.
New features included faster boot time, integration of web services and
applications into the desktop interface. Because of that, they named
it after mythical animal Jackalope. It was the first release named after a
mythical animal, the second being Utopic Unicorn. It had a new usplash
screen, a new login screen and also support for both Wacom (hotplugging)
and netbooks. It also included a new notification system, Notify OSD, and
themes. It marked the first time that all of Ubuntu's core development
moved to the Bazaar distributed revision control system.
Canonical's tenth release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 23 October 2010.
New features included faster boot time, integration of web services and
applications into the desktop interface. Because of that, they named
it after mythical animal Jackalope. It was the first release named after a
mythical animal, the second being Utopic Unicorn. It had a new usplash
screen, a new login screen and also support for both Wacom (hotplugging)
and netbooks. It also included a new notification system, Notify OSD, and
themes. It marked the first time that all of Ubuntu's core development
moved to the Bazaar distributed revision control system.
Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)
- Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala), released on 29 October 2009, was
Canonical's 11th release of Ubuntu. It was supported until April 2011.
From this release onwards, Ubuntu slowly started to shift gears. A slew
of changes started to flood Ubuntu. During Ubuntu Karmic's release cycle,
Canonical introduced the One Hundred Paper Cuts project, focusing developers
to fix minor usability issues. This was a major move and it helped bring a lot of
polish for Ubuntu in the latter releases. This release also introduced Ubuntu
Software Center.
Canonical's 11th release of Ubuntu. It was supported until April 2011.
From this release onwards, Ubuntu slowly started to shift gears. A slew
of changes started to flood Ubuntu. During Ubuntu Karmic's release cycle,
Canonical introduced the One Hundred Paper Cuts project, focusing developers
to fix minor usability issues. This was a major move and it helped bring a lot of
polish for Ubuntu in the latter releases. This release also introduced Ubuntu
Software Center.
Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx)
- Shuttleworth first announced Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) on 19 September2009 at the Atlanta Linux Fest; Canonical released it on 29 April 2010. It is
Canonical's 12th release of Ubuntu and the third Long Term Support (LTS)
release. Canonical provided support for the desktop version of Ubuntu 10.04
until 9 May 2013 and the server version until 30 April 2015.The new release
includes, among other things, improved support for Nvidia proprietary
graphics drivers, while switching to the open source Nvidia graphics driver,
Nouveau, by default. Plymouth was also introduced allowing boot animations.
Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)
- Ubuntu 10.10 codenamed "Maverick Meerkat" was released on 10 October2010 (10.10.10) at around 10:10 UTC. Close to the heels of Ubuntu Lucid release,
Ubuntu Maverick was also packed with new features and improvements.
Ubuntu Software Center became one of the applications that received maximum
amount of attention. Canonical's attention to detail started showing up big time
during Ubuntu 10.10 release cycle.
Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal)
- Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal was released on 28 April 2011. It isCanonical's 14th release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 11.04 used the Unity user interface
instead of GNOME Shell as default. The move to Unity was controversial
as some GNOME developers feared it would fracture the community and
marginalize GNOME Shell. The GNOME desktop environment is still available in
Ubuntu 11.04 under the title Ubuntu Classic as a fallback to Unity. Ubuntu 11.04
employed Banshee as the default music player, replacing Rhythmbox. Other new
applications included Mozilla Firefox 4 and LibreOffice, which replaced
OpenOffice.org. The OpenStack cloud computing platform was added in this release.
 |
Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot)
- The naming of Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot) was announced on 7March 2011 by Mark Shuttleworth. He explained that Oneiric means
"dreamy". In April 2011 Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 11.10 would
not include the classic GNOME desktop as a fall back to Unity, unlike Ubuntu
11.04 Natty Narwhal. Instead, 11.10 included a 2D version of Unity as a fallback
for computers that lacked the hardware resources for the Compiz-based 3D
version. However, the classic GNOME desktop remained available in
Ubuntu 11.10 through a package in the Ubuntu repositories.
Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise Pangolin)
- Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin) is Canonical's sixteenth releaseof Ubuntu and its fourth Long Term Support (LTS) release, made available
on schedule on 26 April 2012. It is named after the pangolin anteater.
Previous LTS releases have been supported for three years for the desktop
version and five years for the server version; this release will be supported
for five years for both versions. Changes in this release include a much
faster startup time for the Ubuntu Software Center and refinements to
Unity. This release also replaced the Banshee media player with Rhythmbox
as the default media player and dropped the Tomboy note-taking application
and the supporting Mono framework as well. Also, the window dodge feature
has been removed from the Unity launcher starting with Ubuntu 12.04.
Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal)
- On 23 April 2012 Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 12.10
would be named Quantal Quetzal. As this will be the first of a series of
three releases before the next LTS release, Shuttleworth indicated that it
will include a refreshed look, with work to be done on typography and
iconography. The release takes its name from the quetzal, a species of
Central American birds.Ubuntu 12.10 was released on schedule
on 18 October 2012 and is Canonical's seventeenth release of the operating system.
would be named Quantal Quetzal. As this will be the first of a series of
three releases before the next LTS release, Shuttleworth indicated that it
will include a refreshed look, with work to be done on typography and
iconography. The release takes its name from the quetzal, a species of
Central American birds.Ubuntu 12.10 was released on schedule
on 18 October 2012 and is Canonical's seventeenth release of the operating system.
Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail)
- Though Unity was improved leaps and bounds by now, it lacked the
polishness and finesse it deserved. With the help of recently joined designer
known for his gorgeous works including Faenza theme, Ubuntu 13.04 look
and feel got some much needed attention. The new shutdown menu and core
app icons were a class apart. The new "spinning" Unity dash icon and
Software Updater icon set benchmarks in branding. Also, Wubi installer
was dropped during this release owing to compatibility issues with
Windows 8. And more importantly, it was decided that non-LTS Ubuntu
releases will see their support periods halved (9 months instead of 18) from
Ubuntu 13.04 onwards.
polishness and finesse it deserved. With the help of recently joined designer
known for his gorgeous works including Faenza theme, Ubuntu 13.04 look
and feel got some much needed attention. The new shutdown menu and core
app icons were a class apart. The new "spinning" Unity dash icon and
Software Updater icon set benchmarks in branding. Also, Wubi installer
was dropped during this release owing to compatibility issues with
Windows 8. And more importantly, it was decided that non-LTS Ubuntu
releases will see their support periods halved (9 months instead of 18) from
Ubuntu 13.04 onwards.
Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy Salamander)
- Ubuntu 13.10 is named Saucy Salamander. It was released on schedule
on 17 October 2013. Consideration was given to changing the default browser
from Mozilla Firefox to Chromium, but problems with timely updates to
Ubuntu's Chromium package caused developers to retain Firefox for this release.
on 17 October 2013. Consideration was given to changing the default browser
from Mozilla Firefox to Chromium, but problems with timely updates to
Ubuntu's Chromium package caused developers to retain Firefox for this release.
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr)
- This version was released on 17 April 2014, and is the 20th release of
Ubuntu. Shuttleworth indicated that the focus in this development cycle
would be a release characterized by "performance, refinement, maintainability,
technical debt" and encouraged the developers to make "conservative choices".
Technical debt refers to catching up and refining supporting work for
earlier changes. The development cycle for this release focused on the tablet
interface, specifically for the Nexus 7 and Nexus 10 tablets. There were few
changes to the desktop as 14.04 used the existing mature Unity 7 interface.
Ubuntu 14.04 included the ability to turn off the global menu system and
used locally integrated menus instead for individual applications. Other features
were the retention of Xorg and not Mir or XMir, a Unity 8 developers'
preview, new mobile applications, a redesigned USB Start-Up Disk Creator
tool, a new forked version of the GNOME Control Center, called the Unity
Control Center and default SSD TRIM support. GNOME 3.10 is installed by default.
Ubuntu. Shuttleworth indicated that the focus in this development cycle
would be a release characterized by "performance, refinement, maintainability,
technical debt" and encouraged the developers to make "conservative choices".
Technical debt refers to catching up and refining supporting work for
earlier changes. The development cycle for this release focused on the tablet
interface, specifically for the Nexus 7 and Nexus 10 tablets. There were few
changes to the desktop as 14.04 used the existing mature Unity 7 interface.
Ubuntu 14.04 included the ability to turn off the global menu system and
used locally integrated menus instead for individual applications. Other features
were the retention of Xorg and not Mir or XMir, a Unity 8 developers'
preview, new mobile applications, a redesigned USB Start-Up Disk Creator
tool, a new forked version of the GNOME Control Center, called the Unity
Control Center and default SSD TRIM support. GNOME 3.10 is installed by default.
Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn)
- Version 14.10 was released on 23 October, having only minor updates
to the kernel, Unity Desktop, and included packages such as LibreOffice and
Mozilla Firefox and Thunderbird. The kernel was updated to 3.16 for
hardware support (e.g. graphics) and has for security, full kernel address space
layout randomization applied to the kernel and its modules, plus the closure
of a number of information leaks in /proc. This version is the 21st release.
Ubuntu 14.10 was officially characterized as a release that addressed
"bug fixes and incremental quality improvements" and so it incorporated
very few new features.
to the kernel, Unity Desktop, and included packages such as LibreOffice and
Mozilla Firefox and Thunderbird. The kernel was updated to 3.16 for
hardware support (e.g. graphics) and has for security, full kernel address space
layout randomization applied to the kernel and its modules, plus the closure
of a number of information leaks in /proc. This version is the 21st release.
Ubuntu 14.10 was officially characterized as a release that addressed
"bug fixes and incremental quality improvements" and so it incorporated
very few new features.
Ubuntu 15.04 (Vivid Vervet)
- Ubuntu 15.04 used systemd instead of Upstart by default. This release
also featured locally integrated menus by default, replacing the previous default
global menus. Silviu Stahie, writing for Softpedia, said about this release
while it was in beta, "Ubuntu 15.04 is not an exciting release, but that it's only
a surface impression. The truth is that it's an important upgrade because some
very important changes have been made, including the adoption of systemd.
Users will notice that not too many visual changes have been implemented in
Ubuntu 15.04, but that was to be expected. The team is transitioning to a new
Unity version that is still not ready for general use, so it's easy to understand
why Ubuntu 15.04 is not all that different from Ubuntu 14.10. This
release included modest improvements in Intel Haswell graphics
performance and bigger improvements for AMD Radeon graphics cards
using the open-source Radeon R600 and RadeonSI Gallium3D drivers.
also featured locally integrated menus by default, replacing the previous default
global menus. Silviu Stahie, writing for Softpedia, said about this release
while it was in beta, "Ubuntu 15.04 is not an exciting release, but that it's only
a surface impression. The truth is that it's an important upgrade because some
very important changes have been made, including the adoption of systemd.
Users will notice that not too many visual changes have been implemented in
Ubuntu 15.04, but that was to be expected. The team is transitioning to a new
Unity version that is still not ready for general use, so it's easy to understand
why Ubuntu 15.04 is not all that different from Ubuntu 14.10. This
release included modest improvements in Intel Haswell graphics
performance and bigger improvements for AMD Radeon graphics cards
using the open-source Radeon R600 and RadeonSI Gallium3D drivers.
Ubuntu 15.10 (Wily Werewolf)
- It was the 23rd release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 15.10 eliminated the
disappearing window edge scrollbars in favour of the upstream GNOME
scrollbars, a move designed to save developer time in creating patches and updates.
disappearing window edge scrollbars in favour of the upstream GNOME
scrollbars, a move designed to save developer time in creating patches and updates.
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus)
- It was released on 21 April 2016.The default desktop environment
continues to be Unity 7, with an option for Unity 8. In May 2015, Shuttleworth
indicated that Ubuntu 16.04 LTS would include Unity 8 and Mir, but that users
have a choice of that or Unity 7 and X.org. He said, "Unity 8 will be an option
for 16.04 and we'll let the community decide the default for 16.04."
continues to be Unity 7, with an option for Unity 8. In May 2015, Shuttleworth
indicated that Ubuntu 16.04 LTS would include Unity 8 and Mir, but that users
have a choice of that or Unity 7 and X.org. He said, "Unity 8 will be an option
for 16.04 and we'll let the community decide the default for 16.04."
Ubuntu 16.10 (Yakkety Yak)
- Mark Shuttleworth announced on 21 April 2016 that Ubuntu 16.10
would be called Yakkety Yak. It is to be released on 20 October 2016.
would be called Yakkety Yak. It is to be released on 20 October 2016.
References:
- http://www.techdrivein.com/2011/01/evolution-of-ubuntu-over-years-brief.html
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ubuntu_releases
Can Ubuntu be integrated with Microsoft infrastructure?
TumugonBurahinDo you mean, is it possible for Windows application to run in Ubuntu?
BurahinWell, there are softwares designed to run applications made for a specific operating system. Like for example Wine, it is an open source compatibility layer software that allows applications for Windows to run on several operating systems such as Linux, MAC OSX and BSD.
TumugonBurahinahmm what is difference between updated windwos and updated ubuntu? and what is the advantages of ubuntu?
TumugonBurahinahmm what is difference between updated windwos and updated ubuntu? and what is the advantages of ubuntu? JD PALANG
BurahinThere are a lot of differences between both OS's you mentioned since they are different from each other. There are features of Ubuntu that is not available to Windows and vice versa. For your second question, the advantages of ubuntu are: first, it is an open source operating system, you can download any version of it in their website plus you can install many applications for free and it has five years support, meaning, you can freely update your system whenever there is any update available; second, it is unlikely to get a virus for ubuntu.
Burahinma'am is ubuntu really cant go work when no internet connection? and it is really other apps or files that can pair in other files and apps. that is really a famous or already known like facebook , yahoo, offices, and other installer or apk? and oh can ubuntu be in cellphone?
TumugonBurahinActually, it can still work without internet connection, you'll only need internet for the installation of applications and updates. After you installed anything you want, its okay not to have internet, it'll still run. Its only the features and the environment that is different among OS's. You can still do the things you're doing with the Windows OS like using FB, twitter, youtube and the likes. Offices, well you can still use and run MS office in ubuntu but you should first install compatibility layer software like Wine or use Emulators instead, another option is by Installing a Virtual machine, wherein you can install a windows OS if you want and from there you can still use Windows applications.
TumugonBurahinFor your last question, Ubuntu can also be in cellphone I'm not just sure if its already available or not. If you're really interested to know you can also check out this site:
TumugonBurahinhttp://www.ubuntu.com/phone